https://carspiritpk.com/toyota-subsidiary-hino-admits-yearslong-use-of-fraudulent-emissions-data/

“According to information, Some of the engines that were under investigation had been used in buses manufactured by its parent company as well as Isuzu Motors Ltd., another Toyota subsidiary specializing in commercial vehicles. Company President Satoshi Ogiso during a news conference in Tokyo which was also attended by Chairman Yoshio Shimo, said that “Employees felt pressured to follow strict schedules and meet numerical targets.”

You are correct. The problem is the very strange and toxic corporate culture in Japan. The lower scale employees can’t even suggest their concerns to the higher management or point out that they might be wrong for taking a particular decision. That creates an environment that is ripe for such “mistakes”. Also, as the article in the link points out, in the case of Hino (as well), all this was under the pressure of the higher management, so they are just as guilty here, if not more so. And yet all that will happen is a few low level employees getting reprimanded or fired and these gaslighting con-artists just bowing down and getting on with business as usual.

Your concern about Pakistan is accurate and scary as well. If that is what they are doing in japan; cutting corners for years where possible. Imagine what they did, and are still doing and getting away with, in Pakistan with no checks and balances. No wonder even in these “tough times for the auto industry”, these buggers are making copious amounts of profit.